A Comparative Study between Atorvastatin and Pitavastatin Toxicity on Liver and Kidney in Albino Rats

Abstract

Zahraa Abed Al-kareem, Shatha Hussein Kadhim, Iman Hussein Naser.

Background: therapy of hypercholesterolemia used mainly statin group , which considered as the main disorder in human metabolism and may be led later to suffer from cardiovascular disease in future like myocardial infraction. By "competitive inhibition" of "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), the main function of statins to decrease serum levels of cholesterol and then limited the severity of "atherosclerotic cardiovascular" disease. Method: This study was conducted on 18 albino rats weighting between (200-300) g. They were separated into three groups each group consist of six animals maintained in "animal house" of "university of Karbala/ college of pharmacy" with free access to food and water ad libitum. As the following: Control group: drenched normal saline for 60 days. Atorvastatin group: drenched 0.6 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin, for 60 days. Pitavastatin group: drenched 1mg/kg/day of pitavastatin for 60 days. Objective: To determine the toxicity, and safety of atorvastatin compared with pitavastatin in rats, and the effect of high doses on kidney and liver functions. Results: The results showed elevated significantly "(p<0.05)" in concentration of "ALT , AST and ALP" of "atorvastatin group" when compared with control group, while for "pitavastatin group" the results reveal no significant elevation "(p>0.05)" in concentration of "ALP and AST" when compared with control group, also the difference is significantly in concentration of "AST" in pitavastatin group when compared with healthy group ,for the more the deficiency is significant in" (ALP and AST)" of "pitavastatin" group when compared with "atorvastatin" group. Also, the elevation in the concentration of "urea and Creatinin" of" atorvastatin" group is not significantly when compared with healthy group at(p>0.05) , and in "pitavastatin" group when compared with healthy group and "atorvastatin" group , while there is significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of urea in pitavastatin group when compared between the three groups. Conclusions: The study conclude that the pitavastatin safer than "atorvastatin ", especially in hepatitis patients ,while in patients with renal failure disease "atorvastatin" is more safe.