A Reviews on Use of Sea Cucumber as a Treatment for Oral Cancer

Abstract

Amiruddin Eso, Herlina Uinarni, Thomas Tommy, Ryanto Karobuana Sitepu, Iwan Kurnia Effendi, Yustinus Charles Ariestiyanto, Hutasoit Charles Martamba, Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Ferra Olivia Mawu, Bayu Indra Sukmana, Huldani.

Introduction: Cancer is an abnormality in body tissue cells that continues to grow and develop uncontrollably. One type of cancer that is dangerous and can cause death is oral cancer. The content of sea cucumbers is useful as an anti-virus, help the growth of new cells, and as an anti-cancer.
Objective: The purpose of this literature is to look based on literature, the treatment of oral cavity cancer using sea cucumbers as herbs.
Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases are taken from the literature to support this review and information about sea cucumber herbs as an alternative treatment for oral cancer. A systematic review of the literature is carried out by searching for related articles. The article search begin on April 22nd, 2020, with keywords; "Oral cancer, sea cucumbers". The following searching database is: google.
Results: It is using sea cucumbers or Holothuria atra as an ingredient to be assessed for its anti-cancer properties. This study used 20kg of sea cucumbers, which were then extracted by the maceration method with 96% alcohol for 24 hours, then filtered with Whatman paper and repeated up to 6 times at room temperature. Triterpene glycosides are a type of saponin in sea cucumbers whose structure contains a sugar group. Triterpene glycoside compounds are compounds that can inhibit the mechanism of division and trigger apoptosis of cancer cells.
The effects of cytotoxic on three types of sea cucumbers such as H.scabra, H.parva, and H. leucospilota are then extracted using organic extracts namely, n-Hexane , ethyl acetate and methanol by using several organs in specimens such as body wall , gonads , intestine tract , respiratory tree , coelomic fluid and cuverien tubules.
Conclusion: Bioactive compounds isolated from sea cucumbers for use as anti-cancer agents have attracted the attention of cancer researchers because of their natural origin and long history as nutritious foods. The detailed mechanism of anti-cancer activity of sea cucumber compounds is still unclear, and a comprehensive study identifying this mechanism is still needed. Sea cucumber extract has a promising future to be developed as a functional food.