Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report
Abstract
Andreas Suryo Wijaya, Bagas Ariffandi, Ines Hadianesti Rodjani, Yusuf Mushlih, Melva Louisa
COVID-19 is one of the most devastating diseases in recent times. Many factors were suggested to contribute to COVID-19 mortality, including vitamin D deficiency. However, the relations between vitamin D deficiency and the prognosis of COVID-19 remains unclear. The present study aimed to understand the association between hipovitaminosis D and the prediction of COVID-19 outcomes, particularly of hospital mortality and its application to patients. Literature search has been conducted using several biomedical databases. Cohort studies and systematic reviews of cohort studies were selected based on predetermined selection criteria. The studies were then evaluated for their validity, importance, and applicability of the results. Three retrospective cohort studies were selected. Two out of the three studies were scored as moderate validity, and one study was rated with low validity. Two studies found that vitamin D deficiency with 20 ng/mL cut-off had been linked to a higher risk of a severe course of COVID-19 and death. At the same time, one study had found that severe vitamin D deficiency vs. non-deficiency patients resulted in 50% vs. 5% for the probability of 10-day survival. The above three studies concluded that patients with vitamin D deficiency have an increased risk of mortality and severe disease courses. Therefore we conclude that COVID-19 confirmed adult patients with vitamin D deficiency have a poor prognosis regarding the hospital mortality versus patients with adequate plasma vitamin D concentrations.
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| Pubmed Style Wijaya AS, Ariffandi B, Rodjani IH, Mushlih Y, Louisa M. Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. SRP. 2021; 12(1): 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 Web Style Wijaya AS, Ariffandi B, Rodjani IH, Mushlih Y, Louisa M. Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=53490 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Wijaya AS, Ariffandi B, Rodjani IH, Mushlih Y, Louisa M. Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. SRP. 2021; 12(1): 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Wijaya AS, Ariffandi B, Rodjani IH, Mushlih Y, Louisa M. Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. SRP. (2021), [cited March 30, 2021]; 12(1): 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 Harvard Style Wijaya, A. S., Ariffandi, . B., Rodjani, . I. H., Mushlih, . Y. & Louisa, . M. (2021) Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. SRP, 12 (1), 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 Turabian Style Wijaya, Andreas Suryo, Bagas Ariffandi, Ines Hadianesti Rodjani, Yusuf Mushlih, and Melva Louisa. 2021. Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (1), 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 Chicago Style Wijaya, Andreas Suryo, Bagas Ariffandi, Ines Hadianesti Rodjani, Yusuf Mushlih, and Melva Louisa. "Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12 (2021), 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Wijaya, Andreas Suryo, Bagas Ariffandi, Ines Hadianesti Rodjani, Yusuf Mushlih, and Melva Louisa. "Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12.1 (2021), 1566-1571. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Wijaya, A. S., Ariffandi, . B., Rodjani, . I. H., Mushlih, . Y. & Louisa, . M. (2021) Hospital Mortality Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An Evidence-based Case Report. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (1), 1566-1571. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.1.221 |
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