Abstract

Eka Airlangga, A. Akrim

Infectious diseases have a massive impact on human life, especially when it has become a pandemic such as Covid-19. Infectious diseases that have become epidemics have often occurred and have claimed many lives and damaged the economic order in various regions of the world. For this reason, this study aims to find out: (1) what epidemics have occurred in the world; and (2) what we can learn from these epidemics. This research was conducted by following the method of systematic literature review. There are four stages carried out in this study, namely designing the review, doing the review, analysis, and writing the review. The researchers collected the data from books and academic journals relating to infectious diseases that cause epidemics. The collected information is then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive analysis model consisting of three stages: data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study show that: (1) from the general literature there were 12 infectious diseases recorded as epidemics before covid-19, whereas from Islamic religious literature there were registered 12 contagious diseases that became epidemics; and (2) what we can learn from the outbreak is that infectious diseases that become epidemics are pathogenic microorganisms that can adapt (evolve) and have more ability to be able to transmit viruses from a human to another human quickly. Changes in the environment and ecosystems affect the occurrence of epidemics. Climate change contributes to the changes in the background and ecosystems. Climate change is an unsolved problem, so outbreaks will likely continue in the future, and we must prepare for them.