Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanins as A Potential Nutraceutical for Muscle Regeneration

Abstract

Astrid Feinisa Khairani, Christopher James Setiawan, Novi Shanty, Ronny Lesmana, Achadiyani Achadiyani, Nur Atik, Eko Fuji Ariyanto, Sunarjati Sudigdoadi

Anthocyanins, natural pigments belonging in the flavonoid group that can be found in different types of plants, are popular bioactive compounds with various beneficial properties. In the topic of skeletal muscle, overtraining, or pathological conditions can cause excessive ROS production and chronic inflammation, leading to degradation in function, mass, and regenerative capacity. There are two sides of ROS induced inflammation. Although inflammation is needed during skeletal muscle regeneration, chronic inflammation leads to detrimental effects. Thus, in the case of imbalance of ROS in chronic inflammation, further antioxidant supplementation might be required to counter the excessive ROS. Anthocyanins, as a nutraceutical, have the potential to improve muscle function and its regenerative capacity through its redox control, increasing protein synthesis, decreasing the breakdown ofmuscle protein, regulating mitochondria function, regulating autophagy, preventing apoptosis, improving gut dysbiosis, and inducing myogenesis. Here, we discussed and summarized the potential molecular mechanisms of anthocyanins as a nutraceutical to promote skeletal muscle regeneration and prevent muscle wasting.