The Role of Oxidative Stress and Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Pregnancy Outcomes: Literature Review

Abstract

Rahma, Veni Hadju, A. Arsunan Arsin, Aminuddin Syam, Haerani Harun, Miranti, Rosa Dwi Wahyuni, Imtihanah Amri, Muhammad Sabir.

Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants cause damage at the molecular level. An increase in metabolic activity and a decrease in anti-oxidative activity in pregnancy causes excessive oxidative stress leading to complications of pregnancy outcome. Some micronutrients act as antioxidants can stabilize oxidative stress. Maternal Multiple Micronutrient supplementation can improve pregnancy outcomes through its role in preventing oxidative stress. This study summarizes the role of oxidative stress and maternal Multiple Micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy outcomes. Using literature review from various internationally reputed literature sources indexed by Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Proquest, Google scholar published in the last 10 years (2009- 2019). Literature is chosen based on the research objectives. Results: From several literature studies it was found that oxidative stress affects the occurrence of pregnancy complications, including: miscarriage, preterm birth, Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and stillbirth. Factors that influence oxidative stress include exposure to environmental pollution, unhealthy life style and deficiency of some antioxidant micronutrients. Some studies also showed that Multiple Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women plays a role in reducing oxidative stress in pregnancy and improves pregnancy outcomes. Oxidative stress leading in poor pregnancy outcomes, and it is needed to prevent an increase in oxidative stress in pregnancy by giving Multiple Micronutrient supplementation to pregnant women.